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Hazel B. Garland (January 28, 1913 – April 5, 1988) was a journalist, columnist and newspaper editor. She was the first African American woman to serve as editor-in-chief of a nationally circulated newspaper chain (the New Pittsburgh Courier).〔Ware, Susan (2004) ''Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century, Volume 5'' pp.228-230 Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674014886〕〔Carney Smith, Jesse (1996) ''Notable Black American Women, Book 2'' pp.240-243 Gale Research Inc. ISBN 0810391775〕〔David E. Sumner. "Garland, Hazel"; http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-03590.html; American National Biography Online April 2014. Access Date: Thu Jan 01 2015〕 Born into a farming family, she was the eldest of sixteen children. Although a bright and capable student, she dropped out of high school at her fathers instigation, and spent time working as a maid in order to provide financial assistance to her family.〔〔 After her marriage in 1935 she became a housewife, raising her daughter Phyllis and playing an active role in various voluntary organisations. Her reports of club activities gained her attention from local newspaper editors and by 1943 she was writing a regular column.〔〔〔〔Editorial Staff, (), Pittsburgh Courier Pittsburgh, 27 January 2011 Retrieved on 01 January, 2015〕 In 1946 she joined the staff of the Pittsburgh Courier full-time, and by 1960 she was editor of both the entertainment and the women's sections of the newspaper. In 1955 she became the first African American journalist to write a regular television column, ''Video Vignettes'', which would go on to become one of the longest running television columns in newspaper history.〔〔〔 In 1974 Garland was made editor-in-chief, and in the same year she was named 'Editor of the Year' by the National Newspaper Publishers Association. She retired from her editorial role in 1977 due to health problems, although she continued writing and remained in an advisory role to the publishers until her death in 1988. In 1978 and 1979 she served as a juror for the Pulitzer Prize for journalism.〔〔〔 ==Personal life== Hazel B. Garland was born Hazel Barbara Maxine Hill near Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1913.〔 She was the eldest of sixteen children born to George and Hazel Hill, who were at that time farmers. After moving to Pennsylvania in the early 1920s, her father began working as a coal miner and the family eventually settled in Belle Vernon in 1932.〔 As the eldest of 16 eventual children, Hill was called on to assist her mother in raising her younger siblings. She was an enthusiastic and talented student, and had hoped to continue with her education. However, before she could complete high school, her father requested that she drop out to allow a younger brother to continue, with the intention of his eventually attending college. Hill found work as a maid, while her younger brother would eventually refuse a college scholarship in favour of a failed relationship.〔 Hill later recalled that her father was not in favour of female education, stating that it was a waste of money as they would eventually get married and stop working anyway.〔 Although no longer attending school, Hill spent her spare time in the local library reading. She also spent time in the evenings dancing, singing and playing the drums for local bands, and for a short time considered a career in entertainment. While at a party, she met Percy Andrew Garland, a window display decorator and photographer from McKeesport, Pennsylvania. It was, however, during a church program when Garland played a trombone solo that they fell in love.〔 On January 26, 1935 they were married and their only child, Phyllis, was born in October of that year.〔〔〔 Throughout her career, Garland credited her family for supporting her achievements and encouraging her dedication to the paper.〔Kauffman Advisory Board for Women in Business "Salute to Hazel Garland" New Pittsburgh Courier Pittsburgh, 13 June 1974〕 Garland was a fan of the Pittsburgh Steelers football team.〔〔 In 1951, Garland became a member of the Pittsburgh chapter of The Girl Friend's, Inc.,〔Carter Olsen, Candice. "Toki Schalk Johnson" http://candicarterolson.weebly.com/toki-schalk-johnson.html Access Date: Sun Jan 04 2015〕 a prestigious African American women's civic society. Along with her friend and colleague Toki S. Johnson, in 1961 Garland became one of the first African American members of the Women's Press Club of Pittsburgh.〔Women's Press Club of Pittsburgh. "History" http://womenspressclub.weebly.com/history.html Access Date: Sun Jan 04 2015〕 She died on 5 April 1988, aged 75, in McKeesport Hospital due to a heart attack after surgery on a cerebral aneurysm. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hazel Garland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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